Rangers at Yosemite National Park are in a constant battle to keep black bears — with their ultra-keen noses and powerful paws and jaws — far away from humans.
For the last 16 years, park rangers have done their best to warn visitors about the perils of leaving food in their cars, which a bear can easily peel open for a treat. And now a bear management team has begun outfitting bears with GPS tracking collars to better understand their movements.
Overall, reported bear encounters have plunged by 92 percent since 1998, when the park embarked on a concerted public education campaign.
Despite their long-term progress, park rangers have lost ground this year.
The instances of bears raiding campgrounds and parking lots for human food are up by 35 percent from Jan. 1 to Oct. 19 compared to the same period last year — the second such increase during three consecutive dry years. Officials say the heightened bear activity may be partly caused by the drought cutting the supply of berries and other natural food.
Ranger Scott Gediman said the recent increase has put rangers on notice. It reminds them to remain vigilant about telling visitors to stow their food, toothpaste and sunscreen in a safe place, such as a bear-proof lockbox. By removing easy access to human food, bears are more inclined to keep their distance, he said.
“We do want people to see bears,” he said. “We want people to see them in their natural environment, not breaking into cars.”
Yosemite, which draws 4 million visitors a year is home to about 400 black bears. Throughout California their population is at about 30,000, and they are increasingly wandering into cities, such as Bakersfield, Monterey and San Luis Obispo, said Marc Kenyon, a scientist with the California Department of Fish and Wildlife.
Kenyon advises residents to keep food out of reach because once bears find a source, they will return. “If you can stop that now, you’re going to save yourself a lot of time and heartache in the long run,” he said.
Yosemite officials learned that lesson the hard way. Through the 1950s, rangers fed bears to entertain visitors. The incidents of destruction peaked by the 1990s when images of bears roaming campgrounds in search of a meal made national news, prompting the current campaign.
In 1998, the park recorded almost 1,600 bear incidents, a figure that dropped to 120 in 2013. Yet, the number of incidents so far this year surpasses all of last year at 154.
The cost of damaged cars, tents and equipment also fell from about $660,000 in 1998 to $7,500 last year, records show.
Rangers on occasion still relocate troublesome bears and have to kill one or two a year that prove especially intractable, but Gediman said that figure is down from about 10 a year at the peak.
Within the last two years, two people have died in black bear attacks in Alaska and New Jersey, but the California Department of Fish and Wildlife said there are no records in Yosemite or elsewhere in California of such fatal attacks.
The park recently began fitting bears with modern GPS collars to learn more about their feeding, mating and general activities — and to keep track of them.
The Yosemite Conservancy, an organization that has donated $2.1 million to bear programs over several years while supporting an array of park activities, funded the $70,000 GPS project. So far, eight bears trapped while wandering into campgrounds have been outfitted. The technology replaces outdated radio collars, allowing rangers to monitor bears as they travel into the park’s remote backcountry.
Mike Tollefson, Yosemite Conversancy president, said bears have no trouble ripping open a car for something as simple as a candy bar. Once they’re inside, he said, bears often leave a big mess that can include excrement.
“It’s not something you want to have happen to your car,” Tollefson said. “That’s the point.”
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