MUZAFFARABAD, Pakistan – Mohammed Shafiq fought back tears as his sons carefully scrubbed dust from the marble tombstones for their mother and sister, who were among more than 80,000 people killed in the massive earthquake that struck northern Pakistan and India a year ago.
Like the vast majority of the 3.5 million people left homeless by the magnitude-7.6 quake, Shafiq has yet to rebuild and is among 40,000 people still living in tents.
“I don’t know what is happening with my life, with the future. It seems like nothing has changed since the disaster,” he said at a tiny cemetery in the city Sunday.
Sirens wailed across Muzaffarabad, then hundreds of people fell silent across the ruined city at 8:52 a.m. – the time the quake struck on Oct. 8, 2005.
President Gen. Pervez Musharraf led the somber observance and praised relief and reconstruction efforts.
He said despite a slow start, most of the people left homeless by the quake will at least have a temporary shelter as the second winter approaches since the disaster struck.
Mourners also gathered in the Pakistani capital, Islamabad, at the site of an apartment building that collapsed in the quake, killing 74 people. They hugged each other, wept and placed flowers at the site where the building once stood.
Pakistan is offering $3,000 to owners of destroyed houses to help them rebuild according to officially approved earthquake-resistant designs. Most people have received more than half the amount.
While hundreds of shiny tin roofs of makeshift shelters dot the tree-covered mountainsides, officials in Kashmir say only 5 percent of people will have finished permanent homes before winter arrives. Tens of thousands of people could migrate to tented camps from upland villages to escape the freezing weather.
Despite the devastation, clear signs of hope have emerged. Markets are bustling, children are attending class in schools set up in prefabricated buildings and many in the quake zone have better access to health care than before.
But the task of rebuilding is daunting, even with pledges of $6.7 billion in aid. More than 600,000 homes, 6,500 schools and 800 clinics and hospitals were destroyed by the quake, as well as nearly 4,000 miles of roads.
In Muzaffarabad, the force of the quake toppled hundreds of buildings, trapping thousands under the rubble. It also triggered landslides that sheared thousands of tons of soil from towering mountains surrounding the city. Ghostly white scars remain on the mountain faces where the land was cut away.
Pakistani authorities say 80 percent of reconstruction will be completed within three years, but aid agencies have said it could take eight years to totally rebuild.
A leading relief group, the Norwegian Refugee Council, described the government-led handling of the quake “as a blueprint for natural disaster response.”
“But the IDPs (internally displaced people) we continue to serve tell us that the job is not over yet,” said Kirsten Zaat, spokeswoman for the council’s Pakistan-based operations. “Substantial humanitarian needs remain, and a predictably harsh Himalayan winter is just around the corner.”
Abdullah Muntazir, spokesman for the militant-linked Islamic charity Jamat-ud-Dawa, which was the first to reach some affected areas, criticized the government for not encouraging people to improve their own situations.
“When the NGOs leave in one or two years, the whole operation will be in the hands of the people and the government and they will be empty-handed,” Muntazir said at the charity’s Muzaffarabad hospital, which has treated more than 300,000 patients since the quake.
Among those still in tents is Shakura Bibi, a 40-year-old mother of five whose home in the Kashmir mountain village of Nina was swept away in a quake-triggered landslide.
“We don’t have land to go back to and I have not received any compensation,” she said at a tent camp that is home to her and 160 other families outside Muzaffarabad. “I am being suffocated by all these problems and I do not know what to do.”
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